Growing environmental concerns and the urgent need to reduce the ecological footprint of healthcare systems have accelerated the adoption of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices in hospitals and pharmaceutical manufacturing. These sectors generate substantial waste, consume large amounts of energy, and contribute to pharmaceutical pollution. This review synthesizes current literature on GSCM in healthcare, covering green procurement, waste management, resource efficiency, sustainable manufacturing, and reverse logistics. It also evaluates drivers, barriers, and future directions. Findings indicate that although sustainability awareness is increasing, challenges such as high implementation costs, regulatory constraints, and supply chain complexity continue to hinder progress. The review concludes by identifying research gaps related to circular economy integration, carbon accounting, and digital sustainability tools.

Keywords: Green supply chain management; sustainable healthcare; hospital sustainability; pharmaceutical manufacturing; green procurement; waste management; reverse logistics; green chemistry; environmental sustainability;