Antibiotic misuse and overuse are significant contributors to the global crisis of antibiotic resistance, which threatens the effectiveness of these life-saving drugs. This review explores the proper use of antibiotics, highlights the widespread issue of misuse, and examines the factors that contribute to their overprescription, including patient demand, lack of diagnostic facilities, and self-medication. The consequences of antibiotic resistance, such as longer hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and higher mortality rates, are discussed in detail. Additionally, global efforts to combat antibiotic resistance, including antimicrobial stewardship programs, regulatory measures, and public education campaigns, are examined. The review concludes that a multifaceted approach, involving healthcare providers, policymakers, and the public, is essential to mitigate the misuse of antibiotics and preserve their efficacy for future generations.

KEYWORDS: Antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, misuse, overuse, antimicrobial stewardship, self-medication, antibiotic stewardship programs, healthcare, public health, global health